Dry cutting is a processing technology that does not use or uses a small amount of cutting fluid in the processing process. It is also a clean and environmentally friendly manufacturing process that controls the source of the environment. As a new green manufacturing technology, it not only has less environmental pollution, but also can save the equipment related to cutting fluid, simplify the production system, and greatly reduce the production cost of products. At the same time, the chips formed are clean and easy to recycle.
1. Dry cutting must have strict performance requirements for tools:
(1) Excellent thermal hardness and wear resistance. The cutting temperature of dry cutting is usually higher than that of wet cutting, and the tool material with high thermohardness can effectively withstand the high temperature of the cutting process and maintain good wear resistance.
(2) Lower coefficient of friction. Reducing the coefficient of friction between the tool and chips, and between the tool and the surface of the workpiece can replace the lubrication of the cutting fluid to a certain extent, and suppress the increase in cutting temperature.
(3) Higher high temperature toughness. The cutting force in dry cutting is greater than that in wet cutting, and the cutting conditions are poor, so the tool should have higher high temperature toughness.
(4) High thermochemical stability. Under the high temperature of dry cutting, the tool still maintains high chemical stability, which reduces the catalytic effect of high temperature on chemical reactions, thereby prolonging the life of the tool.
(5) Reasonable structural geometry angle. The cutting tool has a reasonable structural geometric angle, which can not only reduce the cutting force, suppress the generation of built-up edge, reduce the cutting temperature, but also have the functions of breaking chips and controlling the flow of chips.
2. Features of dry machining:
(1) The chips formed are clean, clean and pollution-free, easy to recycle and process.
(2) The equipment and costs related to the transmission, recovery, and filtration of cutting fluid are eliminated, the production system is simplified, and the production cost is saved.
(3) In metal cutting, the cost of general cutting tools accounts for 4% to 7% of the entire processing cost, and the cost of cutting fluid and treatment accounts for about 16%. Dry cutting saves related costs.
(4) It does not pollute the environment, and does not cause safety and quality accidents related to cutting fluids. It has been successfully applied in turning, milling, drilling, reaming and boring.
