The ductility of tungsten alloy refers to the plastic deformation ability of the alloy material before it is cracked by force, which is a combination of mechanical properties with similar concepts of ductility and malleability. The ductility of tungsten alloy is often affected by many factors such as material composition, raw material ratio, production process and post-treatment method. The following is mainly introduced the influence of impurity elements on the ductility of tungsten alloy.
Impurity elements of high specific gravity tungsten alloy include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur elements.
Carbon: Generally speaking, with the increase of carbon content, the content of tungsten carbide phase in the alloy will also increase, which can improve the hardness and strength of tungsten alloy, but its ductility will decrease.
Hydrogen: At high temperatures, tungsten reacts with hydrogen to form tungsten hydride, which leads to a reduction in the ductility of high-gravity tungsten alloys, a process also known as hydrogen embrittleness.
Oxygen: Under normal circumstances, the presence of oxygen will reduce the ductility of high-gravity tungsten alloy, mainly because oxygen will form stable oxides with tungsten, and these oxides will produce stress concentration in the grain boundaries and crystals.
Nitrogen: The addition of nitrogen can improve the strength and hardness of high-gravity tungsten alloy, because nitrogen and tungsten atoms will cause lattice distortion and reinforcement after forming a solid solution. However, if the content of nitrogen is too high, lattice distortion and chemical reactions may cause the brittleness of the alloy to increase, thereby reducing its ductility.
Phosphorus: Phosphorus can enter the high-gravity tungsten alloy through phosphide impurities in the raw material or pollution in the production process. Its presence leads to the embrittlement of grain boundaries, which reduces the ductility of the alloy.
Sulfur element: Sulfur element will promote grain growth, which will affect the mechanical properties and ductility of tungsten alloy. In addition, the sulfur element can also form brittle sulfide in grain boundaries and coarse grains, which further reduces the ductility and toughness of the alloy.
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