The development of modern manufacturing technology and the widespread use of CNC machining equipment have greatly promoted the advancement of cutting technology, which has made the quality requirements of metal cutting tools more stringent. The problem of tool wear has become the key to cutting.
In cutting processing, tool wear usually occurs in three forms:
1. Wear due to mechanical action, such as chipping or abrasive wear. Most difficult-to-machine materials have low thermal conductivity, which reduces the bond strength of the binder in the tool material at high temperatures, thereby accelerating tool wear.
2. Wear due to cutting heat, such as bonding, diffusion, etc. When cutting materials with high hardness and high toughness, the temperature of the cutting edge is very high, which will cause crater wear near the cutting edge, which will wear the tool in a short time.
3. Wear due to chemical factors such as cutting edge softening, melting and fractures and cracks.This is mainly because some components in the difficult-to-machine material and some components in the cutting tool have a chemical reaction in contact with some components in the high temperature environment, and the components are separated or other compounds are formed, which may affect the cutting quality of the tool.
Therefore, considering the wear resistance and service life of cutting tools, cemented carbide is often used as the main tool material, which is an alloy made of tungsten carbide, titanium carbide and cobalt by powder metallurgy methods.