Die casting is the process of unifying pressure, speed and time by using the three major elements of machine, mold and alloy. The process of filling the mold under high pressure and high speed, and crystallizing and solidifying under high pressure to form a casting.
1. Its working process is:
The die-casting equipment first converts the electric energy of the motor into the hydraulic energy of the pump through the motor, so as to perform actions (ie open and close the mold and spray molten metal into the mold cavity). The injection part of the die casting process uses the power of a hydraulic system to push the punch, which pushes the molten metal into the mold cavity. Before the molten metal enters the mold cavity, it passes through a flow channel called the runner and a smaller cross-sectional area called the gate. The gate has the effect of accelerating the flow of metal, and it also allows the runner system to be easily separated from the casting.
2. Advantages and disadvantages of die casting process:
The advantages are high production efficiency; metal parts with complex shapes, clear outlines, and thin-walled deep cavities can be manufactured; the material utilization rate is high, and the required product shape can be obtained only after a small amount of subsequent processing.
The disadvantage is that there are often pores and oxidized inclusions in die castings; the size of die castings is limited, and the types of alloys are limited.
3. Main die-casting alloy materials
Die-casting alloy is one of the key elements of die-casting production. When selecting it, its performance, process performance, use occasion and production conditions should be fully considered. For example, AL-Si alloy: the crystallization temperature interval is small, the silicon phase in the alloy has a large solidification latent heat and a large specific heat capacity, and the linear contraction coefficient is relatively small. AL-Mg alloy: good mechanical properties at room temperature. Strong corrosion resistance, poor casting performance, large fluctuations in mechanical properties and large wall thickness effects. AL-Zn alloy: Die castings can obtain higher mechanical properties after natural failure.
4. Application scope:
Based on the characteristics of high production efficiency, complex casting shapes and high precision of die-casting technology, it is widely used in automobiles, tractors, electrical instruments, telecommunication equipment, aerospace, medical equipment and light industry daily hardware industries. The main parts produced by die-casting process include engine cylinder block, cylinder head, gearbox body, engine cover, instrument and camera housing and bracket, etc.
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