1. Low density, high strength, and high specific strength
The density of titanium is 4.51g/cm3, which is 57% of steel. Titanium is less than twice as heavy as aluminum and three times as strong as aluminum. The specific strength (ratio of strength/density) of titanium alloy is the largest among commonly used industrial alloys, 3.5 times that of stainless steel, 1.3 times that of aluminum alloy, and 1.7 times that of magnesium alloy, so it is an indispensable structural material for the aerospace industry.
2. Excellent corrosion resistance
The passivity of titanium depends on the presence of an oxide film, and its corrosion resistance in oxidizing media is much better than in reducing media. Titanium is corrosion-resistant in a mixture of strong sulfuric acid-nitric acid or hydrochloric acid-nitric acid, or even in hydrochloric acid containing free chlorine. Titanium's protective oxide film is often formed when the metal touches water, even in a small amount of water or water vapor.
3. Good heat resistance
Usually, aluminum loses its original properties at 150°C, and stainless steel loses its original properties at 310°C, while titanium alloys still maintain good mechanical properties at around 500°C.
4. Good low-temperature performance
The strength of some titanium alloys (such as Ti-5AI-2.5SnELI) increases with decreasing temperature. They still have good ductility and toughness at low temperatures and are suitable for use at ultra-low temperatures. They can be used in dry liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen rocket engines, or as ultra-low temperature containers on manned spacecraft.
5. Low elastic modulus
The elastic modulus of titanium is only 55% of that of steel. When used as a structural material, the low elastic modulus is a disadvantage. However, when used as a medical implant material, it can better match the elastic modulus of human bones, improving the fit between implants and human tissues.
6. Titanium is easily oxidized at high temperatures
Titanium has a strong binding force with hydrogen and oxygen, so it is important to prevent oxidation and hydrogen absorption. Titanium welding should be carried out under argon protection to prevent contamination. Titanium tubes and thin plates should be heat treated under vacuum, and the micro-oxidizing atmosphere should be controlled during the heat treatment of titanium forgings.
7. Low damping resistance
8. Three special properties
(1) Shape memory function
It refers to the ability of Ti-50%Ni (atomic) alloy to restore its original shape under certain temperature conditions. This material is called shape memory alloy.
(2) Superconductivity
It refers to niobium-titanium alloy. When the temperature drops to near absolute zero, the wire made of niobium-titanium alloy will lose resistance. No matter how large the current is, the wire will not heat up and there is no energy consumption. It is called superconducting material.
(3) Hydrogen storage function
It refers to Ti-50%Fe (atomic) alloy, which can absorb a large amount of hydrogen. By using this feature of Ti-Fe, hydrogen can be stored safely, that is, hydrogen storage does not necessarily use steel high-pressure gas cylinders. Under certain conditions, Ti-Fe can also release hydrogen. Ti-Fe is called energy storage material.
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